David Hume s A Treatise Of Human Nature - 907 Words

The argument I shall address for this paper is found on page 385, from David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature. In Book 1, he takes a skeptic view on the philosophy of personal identity by making the claim that there is no such thing as a self. According to Hume, for there to be a self it must be constant and stable, yet all of our knowledge comes from ‘impressions’ (perceptions that come from sensory experience) that are only fleeting: â€Å"pain and pleasure, grief and joy, passions and sensations succeed each other, and never all exist at the same time,† (Hume 385). His first argument is structured as follows: (1) All knowledge and ideas are derived from impressions, or experience. (2) Thus, if an idea of a self exists then it must be derived from impressions. (3) For any impression to bring about the idea of a self, that impression must persist, unchanged, throughout our entire life. (4) Because our perception constantly changes, we are unable to experience all the impressions at the same time. (5) Thus, there is no impression that meets the criteria set forth in (3). (6) Thus, the idea of a self cannot be derived from impressions. (7) Therefore, there is no such thing as an idea of a self. I do believe that Hume’s argument is valid because the premises entail the conclusion. However, I do not think his argument is sound due to issues I find with the premises. My objection below specifically challenges his sixth premise: (1) All knowledge and ideas are derived fromShow MoreRelatedKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pages Humans make choices daily, both through reasoning and how they are feeling in that moment. There is a collection of external factors that result in choices that lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. 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Largest Retailers Operating In The International Domain

Question: Discuss about the analysis and discussion, it can be inferred that Tesco is one of the largest retailers operating in the international domain with high potentiality of growth? Answer: Introduction The contemporary business scenario is witnessing a significant rise in the level of market competition due to the factors concerning gaining momentum of globalisation and introduction of new and innovative technologies. It is strongly believed that increase in the level of business market competition has certainly resulted into the development and the application of numerous marketing strategies that are directed towards enhancing the growth and the profitability level of the organisations as well as overcoming the challenges underlying competition. A major contribution to the overall growth and development of an organisation is propelled by the customers, who are treated as the king. In order to enhance the level of competitiveness and differentiate the products and/or services that offer by a company from its competitors, an increased level of emphasis must be laid on augmenting customer satisfaction (Gilligan, 2012). In this regard, it is worth mentioning that an increased level o f emphasis placed on gaining the satisfaction level of the customers will certainly enable the companies to ensure their market sustainability in the long run. Moreover, it can be inferred that greater extent of customer satisfaction may facilitate the companies to raise business reputation and ensure that the customers remain loyal to the maximum possible extent. Correspondingly, in order to retain the existing customers, utmost attention must be paid on meeting their own requirements, which can be duly measured in the form of offering them with quality products and/or services (Hassan Parves, 2013). It can be apparently noted that for attracting and retaining customers, organisations of this modern day context, nowadays, use a variety of strategies such as relationship marketing, transactional marketing, scarcity marketing, viral marketing, mass marketing and word of mouth marketing among others. Concerning its increased popularity and benefits, relationship marketing can be considered as one of the core marketing strategies, which is being applied by the organisations for ensuring that they are able to prosper in present time as well as in recent future. Relationship marketing is deemed to be the process directed towards creation, maintenance as well as enhancement of value-driven relationships with the various stakeholders associated with a company (Bidgoli, 2010). Noticeably, relationship marketing is considered as a vital aspect of marketing, as it focuses on enhancing customer retention along with increasing the level of satisfaction, rather than concentrating on augmenting product sales. Moreover, emphasis needs to be placed on the fact that relationship marketing enables in establishing long-term association with the customers (Gillies, Rigby Reichheld, 2002). With respect to the above stated context, this essay tends to develop an understanding of the concept underlying relationship marketing as a strategy used by a company towards attracting and retaining customers. In this regard, the example of Tesco PLC has been taken into concern, wherein, the use of relationship marketing strategy by the company will be analysed. Furthermore, the essay will highlight the existing and/or the potential relationships persisting within Tesco. The essay will also further demonstrate an understanding of the opportunities as well as the threats faced by Tesco while executing relationship marketing as a strategy during the conduct of operations. Correspondingly, due emphasis will be placed towards the demonstration of an understanding regarding the assessment of the role and the significance of customer relationship management within Tesco in different marketing situations. Finally, prior to prescribing the recommendations and arriving at a valid conclusion , the essay will detail the application of relationship marketing principles with respect to Tesco. A Brief Overview of Tesco PLC Tesco is a famous and one of the largest retail companies engaged in trade of general merchandise products. The company has an employee base of more than 480,000 and is presently operating in 11 nations across the European and the Asian business markets. Specifically mentioning, more than 80 million customers visit the companys store as a part of their shopping trips on a weekly basis (1Tesco 2016). Considering the financial status, Tesco had a group sale of 69.7bn as on 2014-15. The trading profits for the company amounted to 1.4bn for the same fiscal year (2Tesco 2016). Tesco is dedicated towards ensuring high level of customer satisfaction, which is mostly propelled by its underlying values and purposes. The prime purpose of Tesco is to ensure that its customers are able to develop their respective living standards to the maximum possible extent. Moreover, it must be mentioned that Tesco, in its attempt to ensure optimum customer satisfaction, has largely incorporated the relation ship marketing strategy, which can be apparently noted from the companys core practices. In this regard, one of the core practices, which followed by the company, can be reckoned as understanding the people associated with the company including the communities, customers and the employees. The company further aims at ensuring that it is able to accomplish the objectives that are targeted towards meeting the needs of the people by collaborating with them, understanding their requirements and acting in an innovative way towards sufficing their needs. Community development is further being paid considerable level of attention by Tesco, wherein, the company considers working with the team as an integrated way by establishing greater respect and trust, listening and supporting the views of others along with sharing experiences and knowledge towards enhancing future prospects. Tesco further stresses on the need to create value generation by the ways of exploring number of opportunities an d reducing the wastage of food on a global scale (3Tesco 2016). Evaluation of the Existing and/or Potential Relationships Persisting Within Tesco Tesco is identified to pay utmost attention on the need of developing potential relationships with its customers, which can be attributed with the relationship marketing strategy. Evidently, Tesco has increasingly concentrated on making better use of customer relationship management (CRM) approach towards ensuring that it is able to develop sustainable association with its potential customers. Value creation is considered as a fundamental objective of the company based on which it is able to ensure customer loyalty in the longer run. In order to accomplish predetermined organisational objectives, the company tends to promote its sales and likewise boost profitability level by focusing on direct selling and email marketing. In the year 1995, Tesco launched the Club Card scheme, which was directed towards ensuring that the customers are benefitted through the services in a unique manner. This facility is considered as proving effective for the company, since it is able to make sure tha t the existing customers are able to receive information regarding the beneficial deals and any offer on the respective products and/or services. In relation to the above stated context, Tescos engagement with its stakeholders is further evident across the various roles played by the company in enhancing its relationship with the internal as well as the external stakeholders. In this regard, it must be noted that from the part of augmenting the existing relationship persisting within the company and the communities, Tesco is engaged in providing support and encouragement to the local societies in addressing the problems such as food poverty. To be specific, Tesco has laid immense focus on mitigating food poverty by being associated with certain Trusts such as The Trussell Trust and FareShare for organising neighbourhood food collection activities. As a part of conducting national charity programs, Tesco has partnered with Diabetes UK towards ensuring a substantial reduction in the number of people facing diabetes and support healthy living (4Tesco 2016). Tesco has further tied up with Community Champions who act as representat ives of Tesco towards makings sure that the company is able to offer required advantages to the local communities. Commendably, the Community Champions provided the required support at the local store level in the form of getting involved in varied activities such as fundraising, donations, bag packing and the UK store collections as well (5Tesco 2016). As a premier retail trade company based in the UK, Tesco has ensured its long-term association with British Red Cross. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the partnership has enabled the company to conduct several community based activities successfully that entail corporate donations, colleague fundraising and most importantly in-store bucket collections among others. The partnership further enabled Tesco to participate in supporting the emergency needs of the people in the UK during adverse situations, recent examples being the Tunisian attack in 2015 and Ebola Outbreak Appeal during 2014. British Red Cross Disaster Relief Alliance is yet another vital partner whose support enabled the company to conduct recovery works and perform response activities on a larger scale (6Tesco 2016). Notably, another prominent step undertaken by Tesco towards fostering its existing and potential relationship with the customers is its newly launched innovative scheme of store surplus. The scheme incorporates allocation of the surplus food products available in the store to the charities and people who are in the urgent need for food. The scheme is promoted by the FareShare FoodCloud app, which tends to notify people regarding availability of food surplus in stores (7Tesco 2016). Towards fostering its internal relationships, Tesco further prioritised development of relationships with its employees, who are considered as the most vital pillars of the company. Thus, Tesco made deliberate efforts in ensuring that its employees are provided with required support and able to notice the changes undergoing within the organisation in the initial stages. Making the employees feel proud and letting them to serve the customers in a better way are certain other core fundamentals prioritised by Tesco. Emphasis is further laid on making sure that the employees are provided with the required training programmes that facilitate wider development of their skills and competencies towards serving customers effectively (8Tesco 2016). On a further note, Tesco further placed attention on establishing, developing and preserving relationships with the suppliers as a part of trading responsibility. In this regard, due consideration is placed over value creation for fostering partnerships with the suppliers and likewise ensuring that they are able to gain mutual expertise based on an open and transparent relationship. Furthermore, an increased level of emphasis is placed towards negotiating with the suppliers on behalf of the customers, thereby ensuring deliverance of a volume-led recovery approach (9Tesco 2016). Commendably, Tesco further directed its activities towards creation of several opportunities such as employment generation and transition facility from the education sector towards gaining employment by collaborating with several establishments. In this context, a few of the establishments include Young Peoples Panels and Tesco Youth Academy that are directed towards providing employment along with designing q uality training and development programmes for the youths (10Tesco 2016). Improvements in the health of people and lessening wastage on food products can be duly considered yet other important factors that reveal the foundation of a stronger relationship amid the company and its respective stakeholders (11Tesco 2016). Opportunities and Challenges Facing Tesco Being a premier retail company having its headquarter positioned in the UK, Tesco adopted and implemented various effective strategies in order to attain its desired organisational targets that eventually supported the company to explore various opportunities and face certain challenges as well. In this regard, one of the core opportunities underlying Tesco is its expansion in the international markets, enabling the company to explore further opportunities. Justifiably, Tescos expansion in the new markets is widely evident in its success in the nations such as India, where it has been able to open its stores based on having joint venture with Tata. Moreover, Tesco further gained success while operating in other nations as well like Hungary, Ireland, Malaysia and China (Clark, Peck Payne, 1999). Notably, an increased level of emphasis needs to be placed on the opportunity for Tesco underlying market expansion. Apart from the food products sector, a few of the markets wherein Tesco ai ms to expand itself can be attributed with digital entertainment sector. For instance, Tesco has made considerable level of investments in the entertainment company, Blinkbox. Apart from this, Tesco further made strategic moves towards offering phones and tablets in its own name, especially in foreign markets such as China and Malaysia. Online shopping sector provides yet another significant advantage to Tesco, which made the company to rethink about the customers facing mobility issues and the prospect to its business operations (Wadekar, 2007). In certain nations, Tesco holds the capability of exploring the private label markets and thus possess the opportunity of getting further engaged into strategic alliances with the partners, ensuring that it is able to meet the dissimilar needs and the requirements of its potential customers (Ruther, 2003). Contrary to the opportunities available for Tesco, the company is open to face a number of challenges that might have a negative influence on its future operations. A significant growth in grocery retail sector of the UK has resulted into increased level of competition. Specifically mentioning, in its home market, Tesco is facing continuous challenge from its competitors such as Sainsbury, Aldi and Morrisons amongst others. Moreover, acquisitions made by the competitors such as in the case of Asda by Wal-Mart has raised important concerns for Tesco, considering the fact that Wal-Mart is regarded as the biggest global competitor of Tesco in the international market. Furthermore, Wal -Mart can further face challenges associated with recession, labour threats, increased level of government regulations, pressure from stakeholders along with an increase in inflation and higher global food prices (Evans, O'Malley Patterson, 2004). Correspondingly, Tescos image as a brand known for engaging customer relationship can decline with a rise in the number of competitors applying similar strategies of the company such as discounts during festive seasons and lessening prices. Challenges associated with declining levels of employee morale attributed with cost-cutting and elimination of pension schemes have further imposed negative influence on the overall performance of the company by a considerable extent (Butler, 2015). Assessment of the Role and the Significance of Customer Relationship Management within Tesco in Different Marketing Situations From the above discussion, it has been clear that Tesco made deliberate efforts in forming, developing and maintaining favourable association with its customers, despite the challenges and the opportunities being faced by the company different market situations. Justifiably, Tesco took its first step in introducing CRM during the early 1990s when it entered into a relationship with dunnhumby towards launching loyalty cards, specifically known as the Tesco Clubcard (Dowling, 2003). This enabled Tesco to boost its CRM approach by way of ensuring that customers are able to reap significant benefits from the savings while making purchases. By the year 2012, Tesco launched such services across various nations where it operated its business. As a part of its CRM initiative, Tesco further launched The First Class Service during the period 1993-1994. Additionally, in order to ensure that the customers are provided with the best possible services, Tesco inaugurated the One on Front service, w hich enabled reducing the time required for check-out times. Use of club card facility further assisted the company to generate information about customer services, product promotion, market research and pricing as well as merchandising among others. During the period 2011-2002, Tesco adopted the concepts such as Learn Thinking and Customer Championship that enabled the company to establish strong relation with its customers. Specifically mentioning, the grocery retail sector was classified as a monopoly market in the UK during the 1990s. Tesco was able to dominate in the UK market by prioritising launch of several initiatives such as My Time campaign, which helped in providing relevant information to the people concerning spa, offers, price reductions and designer wear (Gamble, Stone Woodcock, 2006). Reflecting upon its core aims and objectives, Tesco practiced its knowledge and skills concerning development of relationship with the customers based on the thoughts and the feelings with regards to grocery shopping. Balancing the business with the customers can be duly considered as another vital aspect, which is typically based on the factors such as culture persisting in the company and knowledge regarding customers tastes as well as preferences. As a part of CRM initiative, Tesco came up with the idea of introducing new store layouts such as Tesco Express, Metro and Extra. This CRM initiative of Tesco further considered as one of the most influential approaches, which has been framed based on the companys core values and principles (Blythe, 2012). With the changing scenario and a shift in the market situation from monopoly to perfect competition, Tesco emphasised re-launching the club card service towards ensuring that it is able to compete with the other market players. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the company prioritised introducing CRM programmes with respect to the integration of relationship marketing based on customer orientation and philosophy. Notably, recognition as well as selection of target customers was considered as yet another strategy directed towards ensuring the application of CRM initiatives undertaken by the company. During the period 2011-2012, Tescos market share saw a considerable level of reduction as a result of intensified business market competition (Gummesson, 2011). In order to promote its services and enhance the level of customer satisfaction, Tesco adopted several strategic steps ranging from an increase in the number of employees to redesigning of the stores. Engagement with the customers was further fostered based on the developments underlying brand image and customer satisfaction that were provided utmost level of consideration. In an attempt to regain its market share, Tesco made substantial investments in click and collect services along with rebranding of Everyday Value aspect that further directed towards promoting brand communication and advertisement (Dahln, Lange Smith, 2010). In the perfect competitive market characterised by several firms competing for attaining desired targets, it is evident that there has been a significant rise in the demand of the people with products serving variety of needs at competitive rates. In this concern, the re-launch of loyalty programs play a vital role towards ensuring that the customers are abl e to maintain adequate level of sales standards (Christopher, Payne Ballantyne, 2013). Developments underlying discount in-store services along with a decline in the popularity of club cards certainly made Tescos activities focussed on introducing new schemes such as engaging with customers by way of advertisements through magazines that encompass information regarding latest products as well as services. Furthermore, Tesco has ensured that it is able to integrate CRM approach within the company in a reframed manner by way of ensuring that the customers are able to get in touch with the company and purchase the products as well as services, thereby facilitating effective relationship marketing. Moreover, an increased level of emphasis needs to be placed on development of an understanding regarding the Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Business (B2C) initiatives taken by Tesco (Varey, 2003). In order to maximise its relationship with the customers; Tesco has facilitated direct sales of its products via e-commerce website. Moreover, as part of its B2C market sit uation, Tesco has been propelling its CRM initiatives by the way of offering customers with access to a varied range of products and/or services via online modes that are further supported by various payment gateways. This can be further associated with the electronic relationships that enabled strengthening the relationship amid the company and the customers. Correspondingly, B2B is supported by channelizing the activities that perform by the suppliers, enhancing supply chain relationship with redefining the procedures of physical distribution and logistics amid the crucial ones (Shajahan, 2006). Application of Relationship Marketing Principles in Tesco Tesco, in the international business markets, is continuously growing in the form of expanding its business by adopting various strategies that are directed towards building superior relationship with the respective stakeholders. Consideration of the approach of strengthening the relationship with such stakeholders certainly led Tesco to generate greater level of value, thereby widening the opportunity towards developing overall profitability as well as productivity levels. Besides, it has been argued that in order to maintain and attain competitive position in the international domain, the company must strengthen its business relationship with the stakeholders (Gummesson, 2012; Godson, 2009). Tesco, while working in the international domain, pays utmost attention on an important fact of integrating the principles of relationship marketing in the working environment, facilitating the organisation to build a strong presence in the market. Payne and Ballantyne proposed the approach of Six Markets Model, which considers six different domains of markets (Freeman et al., 2010). Theoretically, each market domains in relation to the above stated model gets subdivided in such a way that it covers all the relevant stakeholder groups. Such market domains usually include supplier and alliance markets, customer markets, internal markets, influence markets referral markets and recruitment markets (Percy et al., 2010). Correspondingly, in the context of international business, Tesco with the approach of relationship marketing, has been able to the make its marketing presence by the ways of organising effective direct marketing campaigns and framing effective strategies that focus on developing customer retention and stakeholder satisfaction perspectives. It is strongly believed that Tesco, considering the approach of relationship marketing in its business operations, is able to direct its focus on valuing customers over enhancing the sale revenue as per the expectation level (Hassan Parves, 2013). As per the theoretical approach, the concept of relationship marketing is deemed to be quite dissimilar from the traditional form of marketing. The approach leads the organisations towards building and enhancing stakeholders value, thereby resulting into forming better and favourable communication. It has been often argued that in the current business environment with advancement in technologies and thei r roles in the business practices, the concept of relationship marketing is evolving as an integral approach to form effective communication with the stakeholders and likewise promote collaboration. The approach of Tescos relationship marketing includes the prospect of efforts to develop inbound marketing, enhancing Public Relationship (PR), social media communication and strengthen the online platform. Besides, the working of Tesco in the international markets with the approach of relationship marketing is evident to get highly developed with the reengineering of varied operational functions (Bollen Emes, 2008). In this regard, Tesco developed a cross-sectional team, which enables in smooth functioning of the organisational operations in a common direction and functionality. According to Little Marandi (2003), to develop relationship marketing approach, cross-functional team is required to be building with increased focus on collaboration factor. The principle approach of Tesco to develop relationship with its potential customers in the global environment is identified to ensure making frequent communication regarding its offerings by using the approach of direct mailing. With this concern, it can be affirmed that Tesco identified the approach of relationship marketing as a key strategy to retain its competitiveness in the international marketplaces. Justifiably, frequent communication with the customers will certainly allow the organisation to strengthen its loyalty and thus meet their individual needs and demands (Oly Ndubisi, 2007). By taking into concern the approach of relationship marketing, which Tesco uses while performing different operational functions, it has been quite clear that the company remains much conscious on understanding the customers needs and tries to adopt such strategies that help to suffice such needs. This is mainly being performed by offering information about the new offerings, deals as well as d iscounting offers to the customers through e-mails. Notably, one of the key approaches of relationship marketing, which Tesco introduced during the year 1995, was the loyalty card. This particular approach or principle evidently enabled the company business to strengthen its customer base to over 9.5 million (Gilbert, 2003). In accordance with the Six Markets Model, Tesco, in order to strengthen its competitive position in the market, place the customers as its centre point of focus and likewise develop effective strategies to optimise its relationship with the customers. The referral market of Tesco includes the potential customers who are highly satisfied with the offerings of the company and influenced their buying behaviours in a positive way by recommending to others (Mollah, 2014). Influenced markets of Tesco include competitors, regulatory bodies, government, consumer groups and regulatory bodies among others. The principle approach of the business to strengthen such relationship can be better understood from following the rules and the norms relating to business operations and environmental concerns. In addition, the recruitment markets of the business are deemed to be selection of potential employees with utmost consideration of external as well as internal approaches. The potential employees ar e recruited externally by using companys official website and internally through the promotion and rotation of job roles of the employees (Dibb, 2012). Similarly, Customer Loyalty Ladder of Tesco is also identified to be a key approach of strengthening the relationship with the customers. Tesco, with varied Integrated Marketing Communications method, has been successful in developing the approach of relationship marketing. One of the key approaches of loyalty programmes of Tesco is Tesco Clubcard, which consistently helped in adding value to the customers and likewise strengthening the prospect of relationship with the end users. This card gets scanned with every transaction and likewise information about the customers is being recorded in the database. The stored information of the customers is further being used to develop strong connection with the customers, influencing their buying at large (Rther, 2003). The Loyalty Ladder of Tesco has been depicted in the graphical form below for better understanding of the above stated context. Source: (Rther, 2003) Supplier and alliance markets of Tesco includes such suppliers that play the role of forming partnership with the organisation to supplement and fulfil customers demands. The relationship is developed with the involvement of the supplier groups in the decision-making procedure and promoting their views that help in providing quality products and/or services to the customers and raising the market share of the business. Lastly, the internal market of Tesco denotes strengthening human resource (HR) department of the organisation. Specially mentioning, the business highly focuses on developing effective strategies that empower mutual relationship amid the employees and the higher authorities, as an integral aspect of success (Black, 2014). Apparently, considerable importance of the business is given over the approach of cross culture aspects in the working environment, aiding the company to remain continuously engaged in delivering beneficial as well as quality products and/or services to its ultimate customers. Additionally, in the context of international business, Tesco observed to remain highly concerned with its conduct of operations in an ethical manner with maintaining diversity in the workforce (Winterman, 2013). Recommendations To overcome the difficulties and raising the competitiveness of the business in the international environment, the organisations need to become highly sensitive over the aspects of cultural differences and strengthening the relationship with the stakeholders. Apart from this, higher level of trust among the working groups as well as the communities is also equally important in order to foster the relationship with the stakeholders. With this concern, incorporating higher level of attention and minimising the conflicts in the internal environment could further assist in communicating effectively with different stakeholders attached with Tesco (Hougaard Bjerre, 2013). With regards to the approach of relationship marketing, it is highly been important that two-way communication is thus formed, developed and maintained by the help of accessing feedback mechanisms in the official website, developing e-newsletters, conducting customer surveys and/or refurbishing message boards. Besides, f actors including respect and proper communication with the workforce, communication pattern, values of group and community, respectfulness of culture and high importance over the personal factors of the customers, employees and other stakeholders of the business must be duly considered in the context of developing business relationship (Hennig-Thurau Hansen, 2013). For the organisations like, Tesco with respect to international business, it is important that they should endure the aspect of cultural differences and likewise gain immense success. Based on the perceptions of Sorce (2002), in order to build superior marketing relationship, enhancing the level of customer satisfaction is deemed to be highly important. Thus, in this regard, Tesco must pay utmost attention on delivering superior quality of products and/or services to retain its existence in the respective industry. Building favourable relationship with the existing customers will certainly help to create repeat purchases and likely improve responsiveness of other customers as well. Correspondingly, by developing a strong-shared knowledge in the organisational culture, mutual understanding, and negotiation with different stakeholders will also prove to be quite beneficial in developing strong marketing relationship (Grnroos, 2009). Spencer-Oatey (2013) reflected that motivating the internal workforce is identified to be the key approach with respect to managing the cross-cultural aspects and developing relationship and cooperation within Tesco. In this regard, it can be recommended that understanding the prevailing cultural differences in the context of international environment may foster the approach of relationship marketing by a certain level. Hanley Leahy (2009) further suggested that retail businesses like Tesco could enhance the above stated factor by ensuring high customers loyalty as well as inducement of club marketing programmes in the departmental stores(Hanley Leahy, 2009). Conclusions Based on the above analysis and discussion, it can be inferred that Tesco is one of the largest retailers operating in the international domain with high potentiality of growth. However, performing operations in the international arena as per the desired level is deemed to be one of the challenging tasks for the retail giants. Throughout the discussion, it can also be ascertained that the factor of relationship marketing has immense importance especially in performing international business efficiently, as different stakeholders of the businesses impose considerable impact on organisational success or failure. In the current scenario, with the continuous advancement in the technologies, the organisations considerably induce the approach of exceeding the level of expectations of the customers in order to develop long-term relationship with them. In this similar concern, Tesco is also noted to induce the approach of relationship marketing in order to retain its customers and increase t he level of customer satisfaction. Besides, Tesco strongly believe that inducing the approach of relationship marketing will help its business to explore new opportunities and form better personal relationship with the stakeholders, sufficing the requirements of the customers at large. Amongst several initiatives, Club Marketing Programmes is identified to be one of the key strategies, which helps in attracting new customer group. Nevertheless, the organisation, in order to develop effective relationship marketing approach, it can focus upon refurbishing the approach of cross-cultural management by considering the aspect of cultural differences. An assessment of the aforementioned discussion provides an understanding about the importance of the potential relationships existing within Tesco. It is worth mentioning that the above discussion further provided a comprehensive understanding about the opportunities and the threats facing Tesco and the way they influenced the internal as well as the external stakeholders. Correspondingly, due consideration was placed towards elaborating on the CRM approaches undertaken by Tesco towards ensuring that it is able to establish, compete and win the grocery retail markets in the UK, serving customers effectively. To be specific, the study further elaborated on the use of CRM strategies by Tesco in different marketing situations, along with highlighting the B2B and B2C initiatives taken by the company towards enhancing the level of customer satisfaction. References Bidgoli, H 2010,The Handbook of Technology Management, Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and Global Management(Vol. 2), John Wiley Sons. Black, O 2014, The bottom line is Tesco's culture needs to change. Companies, viewed 10 January 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11141259/The-bottom-line-is-Tescos-culture-needs-to-change.html. Blythe, J 2012.CIM Coursebook Marketing Essentials, London, Routledge. Bollen, A. Emes, C 2008, Understanding customer relationships, Ipsos MORI, pp.1-47. Butler, S 2015, Tesco - six challenges in store for Matt Davies, Tesco, viewed 10 January 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/11/tesco-six-challenges-in-store-for-matt-davies. Christopher, M, Payne, A and Ballantyne, D 2013.Relationship Marketing, UK, Taylor Francis. Clark, M, Peck, H and Payne, A 1999, Relationship Marketing: Strategy and Implementation. UK, Taylor Francis. Dahln, M, Lange, F and Smith, T 2010,Marketing communications: a brand narrative approach, US, John Wiley Sons. Dibb, S 2012, Marketing briefs: A revision and study guide, Routledge, UK. Dowling, G 2003, Customer relationship management: In B2C markets, often less is more,Quality control and applied statistics,Vol. 48, No. 4, pp.397-398. Evans, M, O'Malley, L and Patterson, M 2004,Exploring direct and relationship marketing, US, Cengage Learning EMEA. Freeman, R.E., Harrison, J.S., Wicks, A.C., Parmar, B.L. De Colle, S 2010, Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press, UK. Gamble, P, Stone, M, and Woodcock, N 2006, Up Close Personal?: Customer Relationship Marketing at Work, London, Kogan Page Publishers. Gilbert, D 2003, Retail marketing management, Pearson Education, India. Gillies, C, Rigby, D and Reichheld, F 2002. The story behind successful customer relations management,European Business Journal,Vol. 14, No.2, p.73. Gilligan, C 2012, Tescos Clubcard Customer Relationship Management Programme The Challenges of Coming to Terms with a Changing Market, pp. 1-12. Godson, M 2009, Relationship marketing, OUP Oxford, UK. Grnroos, C 2009, Marketing as promise management: Regaining customer management for marketing, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 24, no. 5/6, pp. 351-359. Gummesson, E 2011, Total Relationship Marketing, London, Routledge. Gummesson, E 2012, Total relationship marketing, Routledge, UK. Hanley, S. Leahy, R 2009. The effectiveness of relationship marketing strategies in department stores, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 133. Hassan, A and Parves, M 2013, A Comparative Case Study Investigating the Adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The Case of Tesco and Sainsburys,International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains,Vol.4, No.1, p.1. Hassan, A. Parves, M 2013, A comparative case study investigating the adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The case of Tesco and Sainsburys, International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-10. Hennig-Thurau, T. Hansen, U 2013. Relationship marketing: Gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer retention, Springer Science Business Media, Germany. Hougaard, S. Bjerre, M 2013, Strategic relationship marketing, Springer Science Business Media, Denmark. Little, E. Marandi, E 2003, Relationship marketing management, Thomson, London. Mollah, M. A. S. 2014 The impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty at Tesco Plc, UK, European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 21-55. Oly Ndubisi, N 2007, Relationship marketing and customer loyalty, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 98-106. Percy, W. S., Visvanathan, N. Watson, C 2010, Relationship marketing: Strategic and tactical challenges for SMEs, African Journal of Business Management, vol. 4, no. 13, pp. 2596-2603. Rther, C 2003, Are customers loyal to the Tesco Superstore in Roundhay, diplom.de, Germany. Ruther, C 2003, Are Customers loyal to the Tesco Superstore in Roundhay, Hamburg, diplom. de. Shajahan, S 2006, Relationship Marketing: Text and Cases, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Sorce, P 2002, Relationship marketing strategy, Rochester Institute of Technology, pp. 1-26. Spencer-Oatey, H 2013, Achieving mutual understanding for effective intercultural management, Centre for Applied Linguistics, University of Warwick, pp. 1-15. 1Tesco 2016, Our Businesses, About Us, viewed 10 January 2016, https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=276 2Tesco 2016, Key facts, About Us, viewed 10 January 2016, https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=71. 3Tesco 2016. Core Purpose and Values. About Us, viewed 10 January 2016, https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=10.

Brand New - Deja Entendu free essay sample

Last summer, Brand New, a small-time band hailing from Merrick, New York, released Deja Entendu as the highly anticipated follow-up to their debut, Your Favorite Weapon. Deja Entendu (which means already heard in French) is something of an ironic title. The style is completely different from the catchy pop-punk sounds of Your Favorite Weapon. Deja includes deeper, more meaningful lyrics sung to more melodic, acoustic guitars. Earlier fans might be quick to criticize, saying Brand New has gotten mellower, but I think their sound has matured, and that they have grown as a band. In any case, there are still those cutting chorus-lines that almost inevitably break in at the perfect moment. What really sold me on this record was the fact that the songs are not just the typical story of a guy meeting a girl and falling in love. Jesse Lacey, lead singer, really puts his heart on the line as he writes about his real-life experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand New Deja Entendu or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In I Will Play My Game Beneath the Spin Light, he uses metaphors to describe his tiredness of being on tour, saying, Every minute is a mile, Ive never felt so hollow. Im an old abandoned church with broken pews and empty aisles. In Jaws Theme Swimming, the line Some rules are made with all intentions to break and she defends it with a warped rationale is sung along with a rolling bass line. The album ends with a brilliant finale. Play Crack the Sky is a vivid tale of two lovers who drown together at sea. Its a mellow acoustic song with not much more than a guitar line and Jesses vocals, but it is deeply felt by the listener because of its lyrical intensity. This is definitely the perfect song to finish off such an amazing album. Complete with signature guitar lines, complex drumbeats, and distinguished lyrics, this is most certainly an album for those who appreciate genuinely good music. Providing ear candy for the listener, the album is heartfelt and pure, and Brand New is beginning to gain international recognition. Not bad for a band that pretty much had only a local fan base two years ago! I commend them for all theyve accomplished, and I love this record. There is certainly nothing about Deja Entendu that weve already heard.

History of Imperialism

History of Imperialism There is no exact definition of imperialism in particular. Usually, this word is confused with colonialism. However, the two words are frequently related to European expansionism except that imperialism is far reaching to the Ottoman and Chinese histories. Certainly, imperialism was a way of life to ancient societies such as Persian and Greek, Aztec and Mayan among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Imperialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Imperialism by definition is the maintenance or creation of unequal cultural and economic relationship between states where one is a subordination of the other. Others define it as the policy that allows a nation to extend its authority or control through establishment of political and economic hegemony through acquisition of other nation’s territorial boundaries (Lenin 14). Imperialism evolved through a series of stages dating back to the AD era. Before developing into a major kingdom, Europe underwent major transformations over a long period of time. Meanwhile, Africa was characterized by a constant stream of explorers and outside traders who brought in new religions and ideas. On the other hand, Henry, the then Prince of Portugal, sent ships to West Africa in attempt to explore the area. He commanded ships to take gold to West Africa in exchange for slaves, and this resulted to the establishment of new colonies especially inside America. Imperialism then took a different phase of industrial revolution where natural resources and raw materials such as diamond and rubber were being transported to Britain. Then followed the era of The Atlantic Slave Trade where horrible injustice was committed against African slaves before they got sold to major kingdoms such as Britain (Lugard 59). Moreover, the scramble for Africa by colonial masters began, and this led to the Berlin Conference of 1888. However, imperialism was resisted in some Af rican countries like the Zulu in South Africa. Meanwhile, effects of imperialism especially loss of life through slave trade raised a lot of tension amongst African nations. This was followed by Independence Nationalism that led to the Pan-Africanism movement, which was aimed at bringing all Africans together on the basis of their common heritage. Through World War II, most European countries were weakened and Pan-Africanism gained strength. As such, most African nations gained independence during the 1950s.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, these nations experienced poor governments and poor economies, which they struggled to stabilize. As this was happening in Africa, Middle East started experiencing imperialism through the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. In the nineteenth century, most independent states such as Egypt were recaptured by the Great Britain. Elsewhere, as India was struggling to gain independence in 1919, troops from Britain wounded and killed almost one thousand five hundred civilians (Lenin 39). What followed from that period was a series of events that led to today’s imperialism. Despite the brevity of the imperialism era, its impact on the world was immense. The European countries who were the major perpetrators of this concept had their culture and society tremendously influenced by the various colonies they captured. Even after independence of most colonies, the interaction process between the colonized and the colonizers continued. Consequently, massive migration from the colonies into Europe occurred, and this was a key factor to the emergence of Europe’s multicultural societies. On a similar note, the culture of Europe was copied to the colonized nations. For instance, European sports such as soccer and cricket are adapted in most countries around Africa, the Pacific, and Asia. This idea is further evidenced by the manner in which countries around these regions speak French and English. Besides, the imperialism legacy developed in different spheres of such colonies. This includes metropolitan economic ties, communication networks, and economic structures that have undoubtedly shaped the contemporary society. Surprisingly, the imperialism legacy has far reaching effects not only in the past, but also in the foreseeable future. Take for example the world’s fluctuations on market that greatly depend on Europe’s economy, which has become so hard to remove, and hence, enhancing this idea of dependency (Lugard 22). Accordingly, imperialism related legacy extends to religious systems in the colonized countries. Not only did campaigns by Christian missionaries convert individuals, but also they left behind a series of Christian states such as Ghana, South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria in Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Imperialism specifi cally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also left behind Catholicism in South Asia and Latin America. Moreover, modernization resulted from imperialism. This resulted to descent cities, the emergence of the money economy, ownership of private land, modern medicine, cash crop farming, and modern technologies among others. Besides, some of the legacy include infrastructure. Evidence exists that some British built road network and water projects in India, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Pakistan are present up to date. In addition, the British employed the divide and rule strategy that led to ethnic divisions present in our society. For example, they preferred the Hausa and Tutsi communities in Nigeria and Rwanda respectively. They also preferred the Kikuyu in Kenya and the resettled slaves in Liberia. Also, they placed borders illogically, and this led to ethnic conflicts such as those seen in Kashmir, Palestine/Israel, Spanish Sahara/Moroccan Sahara, Biafra war, and West/Eastern Pakistan. Lenin, Vladimir. Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1947. Lugard, Frederick. The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa. Edinburgh and London: Blackwood and Sons, 1922.

Decision making in trade-DB2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision making in trade-DB2 - Essay Example The government would create a tariff on importing coffee and this is how the government would benefit from there. Whilst on the other hand, the ad valorem tariff can be described as a tax that is specifically a percentage of the import value. However, the tariff may be applied in two ways; either charged based on the value of the imports or based on the quantity of goods. Then the ‘prohibitive tariff’ as the name suggests is one marked so high, it either prohibits or lessens the import levels on a product. Then there is the ‘Protective tariff’. The tariff bears a lot of pros and cons. This type of tariff may either foster the growth of the economy or make goods extremely expensive on the behalf of the customers. The researcher strongly believes that the main reason for high tariffs on agricultural produce is one way of controlling the flow of imported agricultural products. Not only that, it is stratagem used to protect small local farmers from competition f rom foreign companies. In doing so, competition in this market for farmers would be lessened. As such imposing tariffs on products is one way to position consumers to support local products especially in domestic countries. The roles played by tariffs have unavoidable effects on prices from the imposition. The foreign exporters keep the price that they charge for the product; however, the domestic price of the imported product rises by the value of the tariff.

Wind Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wind Power - Essay Example World is facing major energy crisis due to the pollution attached to the presently available energy sources and technology. The commitment to develop clean energy sources is forcing economies to develop sustainable and clean power generation. Wind energy is a major source of clean power. It is important to mainstream this source of power as a clean alternative to support the power requirements. Use of wind as a reliable source of energy for various purposes like navigation, pumping water, grinding grains, sawing etc. is evident from the historical times. Wind is one of the cleanest sources of energy available in the world. The science of power generation from wind is rather simple. Earth is made of different materials, distributed unevenly all over the space and hence it absorbs heat from the sun with variance. During day, air over the land surface gets heated quickly than the air above water surface. Heating causes expansion of air and hence it becomes lighter and moves upwards and the heaver air replaces it causing wind. The process is reversed during night time, as air over the land surface gets cool quickly than the air above water surface. In simple words, wind is generated by movement of air between high pressure to low pressure area. In terms of energy flow, heat energy is converted into kinetic energy. Production of power from wind energy is quite interesti... Production of power from wind energy is quite interesting and it follows basic principles of energy conversion. Power is generated when the kinetic energy of the wind is converted to mechanical energy. This power could be used for generating electricity or power for running machines etc. Hence, wind power could be used for many purposes. The present day wind machines uses blades to collect the kinetic energy from the wind. When wind strikes the blades of the machines, it slow down the wind by capturing its energy and thus allows the blades to rotate. These blades are connected to a shaft at the centre which transfers its power to the electric generator to produce electricity. The interesting part is that in the entire process, there is no pollution involves with the process. Wind power is a potential form of renewable energy which is available to humankind. Although it has a long history, this source of energy is not mainstreamed due to lack of improved technology and huge production cost. Although developed much earlier, cheaper technologies were developed for power generation from alternate sources which alienated the use of wind power for commercial purposes. The cost factor had impacted this majorly. The major constrain of the wind power is the reliability factor as the power is generated only when there is wind. During lean period, one has to depend on other sources for power supply. This drawback makes it difficult for people to adopt this technology for daily use. The only alternative for this problem is to use other sources of power for the lean period. In the present scenario, energy is produced in the world from coal, crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, nuclear, hydro, combustible renewables & waste etc. Most of these sources are

Community Health Promotion Tool Essay Example for Free

Community Health Promotion Tool Essay Kimberly Thomas: Good Evening, I am Kimberly Thomas. I’m interviewing Hypertension what is a disorder that affects cardiovascular system. Let’s talk about the population and treatment for hypertension. There are a lot of medications for hypertension. What is hypertension? Where do you start for treatment? Hypertension: Hypertension is high blood pressure. Well, there are several medication treatments for hypertension. Most doctor start patients with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), which is a diuretic. Diuretics are basically known as a water pill, which helps remove excess sodium and water from the body. Second most common medicine for hypertension is beta blockers. Beta blockers help the heart to beat a slower pace with less force. Again, there are several other medication treatments for hypertension, and your primary care physicians will discuss what options are best for you. Kimberly Thomas: Ok, thank you. Who are at risk of hypertension? Hypertension: There are some cultures that are more at risk than others. However, certain conditions and habits can put anyone at risk for high blood pressure. According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"Its more common in African American adults than in Caucasian or Hispanic American adults.† African Americans tend to get high blood pressure early in life. Also, Puerto Rican adults have higher rates of hypertension than any other Hispanic group. Kimberly Thomas: Why do you think African Americans and Puerto Ricans are more at risk than any other culture? Hypertension: There are several factors why these two cultures are more at risk than other cultures. According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"The main factor is the choice of food both cultures eat. Both cultures diet include too much salt.† Kimberly Thomas: Heredity is a factor correct? Can the individual manage some of the risk factors? Hypertension: Yes to both of your questions. There are a few things you can do to manage your high blood pressure. If you’re overweight, it’s highly recommend that you start exercising. Eat healthy food low in saturated fat, Trans fat, cholesterol and salt. Limit your alcohol intake, and stop smoking. Always, take medicine the way your doctor tells you. Kimberly Thomas: I absolutely agree with that. Kimberly Thomas: What about impact it has on cost? Hypertension: According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93.5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work.† Kimberly Thomas: How does hypertension impact the society? Hypertension: The number 1 cause of death in the United States throughout most of the 20th century. Unfortunately, whether the hypertension is treated or untreated, only 34% of Americans with hypertension have their blood pressure controlled to 140/90. An estimated 30 to 35 million Americans have uncontrolled hypertension, and are therefore at unduly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kimberly Thomas: I completely agree with you. I think the number one problem we still have today is that there are many people out there who are not being adequately treated. People who are denial of their problem, is unfortunate because there is help for them. Kimberly Thomas: Well, that’s all for today and Thank you for your time. References: Hypertension. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hypertension/faqs.htm http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580